How conservative the Japanese people really is? And the government?

This is a very vague question. But considering the asker’s comment on Mr. Nakajima’s answer, your interest seems to be in sex-related matters (I don’t think it’s the only indicator of conservative/ progressive, though).

Visual-kei

Moreover, buff guys are often avoided for their narcissism.

In the Belly of This Beast, a Major Find - Newser

In the old era, gay relationships were very common and were even praised among the privileged social classes, such as Samurai and monks.

We don’t instantly tie it with sex when a father and his very young daughter are taking a bath together.

How do you see these below?

Is it legal for an employer to ask why you are taking time off from work?

They don’t bring around their mates everywhere, which means they don’t worry about being single, gay, or whatever because no one cares about whom others are having/ not having sex with.

They don’t have the value that “guys must be macho.”

I sometimes feel people from the West are obsessed with those “gender” and “sex” things too much. Let’s think about something else sometimes. It’s unhealthy.

Do you enjoy cheating on your spouse? If so, why?

I’ve heard it’s always the male side that is expected to take a move in some countries. It’s not the case in Japan.

They don’t have the so-called “couple culture” seen in many Western countries.

They don’t tease or beat up cross-dressed people on the road.

Why is the French way to say please is "S'il te plaît" and not "Pour Favour" like Spanish and Portuguese "Per Favor" and Italian "Per Favore" in the Romance languages group?

They were very similar to the bromance of today but accompanied by sexual intercourse.

Yaoi

It’s very common for a girl/ woman to ask a boy/ man to be her boyfriend.

Why are men obsessed with breasts and their size? I don't quite see women being obsessed with the penis - Why is this so?

“None of my business” is the common attitude.